准备开始

  • 一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令
  • 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存）
  • 2 CPU 核或更多
  • 集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
  • 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
  • 开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里 了解更多详细信息。
  • 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你 必须 禁用交换分区。

环境

主机名系统硬件环境
master.host.comrocky8.52核CPU，2G内存关闭selinux和防火墙，可使用主机名通信
work1.host.comrocky8.52核CPU，2G内存关闭selinux和防火墙，可使用主机名通信
work2.host.comrocky8.52核CPU，2G内存关闭selinux和防火墙，可使用主机名通信

初始化主机

一下操作所有主机都做

安装配置Containerd

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install containerd.io
containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl enable --now containerd

关闭SWAP分区

sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

允许 iptables 检查桥接流量并配置内核转发

modprobe  br_netfilter
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

配置IPVS

service有基于iptables和基于ipvs两种代理模型。基于ipvs的性能要高一些。需要手动载入才能使用ipvs模块
yum install -y ipset ipvsadm
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
如果出现以下报错则执行下面内容
modprobe: FATAL: Module nf_conntrack_ipv4 not found in directory /lib/modules/4.18.0-348.el8.0.2.x86_64
sed -i 's/nf_conntrack_ipv4/nf_conntrack/g' /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

安装Kubernetes相关软件工具

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.24.0 kubeadm-1.24.0 kubectl-1.24.0
systemctl enable --now kubelet

安装Kubernetes

MASTER节点

生成kubeadm配置文件:sudo kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
编辑kubeadm.yaml并修改下面内容

advertiseAddress: 改成自己的ip
nodeRegistration下的name字段:改成自己的主机名
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

在networking段添加pod的网段:podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
修改后内容如下:

$ cat kubeadm.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.0.109
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master.host.com
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.24.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

下载Kubernetes所需镜像:

$ kubeadm config --config kubeadm.yaml images pull
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.24.0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6

在意一下pause镜像的的版本名称我这里是registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
修改containerd的配置文件/etc/containerd/config.toml,把里面的sandbox_image的值改为pause镜像的全称加版本

$ cat /etc/containerd/config.toml |grep sandbox
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7"

重启Containerd:systemctl restart containerd
初始化master节点:kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
注意:修改containerd的sandbox_image配置是全部的主机都要修改
初始化成功之后会打印下面的内容


Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:91b1d4502e8950ece37fbc591160007f5e2a3311ff0ebe05112d24851ca082a9

其中下面内容需要自己去执行

o start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

之后这段内容是加入集群的命令,work节点可以通过下面命令来加入集群

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:91b1d4502e8950ece37fbc591160007f5e2a3311ff0ebe05112d24851ca082a9

WORK节点

WORK节点执行master节点返回的加入集群命令加入集群,出现下面内容即加入成功

kubeadm join 192.168.0.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:91b1d4502e8950ece37fbc591160007f5e2a3311ff0ebe05112d24851ca082a9

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

网络插件Calico

选择网络插件可参考官方文档进行选择本文选用Calico网络插件
在master节点下载calico的yaml文件
curl https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/manifests/calico.yaml -O
找到下面两行内容进行取消注释并修改value值

# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
#   value: "192.168.0.0/16"

value值应为开始创建master节点时的pod网络10.244.0.0/16,修改后为

- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "10.244.0.0/16"

之后进行创建，创建方法如下

$ sudu kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config unchanged
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org configured
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node unchanged
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created

执行完成没有报错之后可以运行kubectl get node来查看节点的联通状态,当STATUS全都变成Ready即部署成功

$ kubectl get node
NAME             STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master.host.com  Ready    control-plane   43m   v1.24.3
work1.host.com   Ready    <none>          39m   v1.24.3
work2.host.com   Ready    <none>          39m   v1.24.3

问题

出现报错以及问题欢迎在评论区讨论
最后修改：2022 年 09 月 10 日
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