https://blog.boychai.xyz/index.php/tag/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA/ https://blog.boychai.xyz/index.php/archives/52/ 2023-03-30T12:22:00+00:00 概述fdisk是一种用于管理磁盘分区的工具，常用于Linux和其他Unix-like操作系统中。它可以用于创建、删除和修改磁盘分区，并支持多种文件系统类型，例如FAT、ext2、ext3等。fdisk还可以显示当前系统中所有磁盘的分区信息，包括磁盘标识符、分区类型、分区大小等。使用fdisk，用户可以轻松地管理磁盘空间，为不同的操作系统或应用程序分配不同的存储空间。除此之外，fdisk还支持MBR(Master Boot Record)分区方案，它是一种常见的磁盘分区方案，能够在BIOS引导下启动操作系统。MBRMBR（Master Boot Record）分区是指使用MBR分区方案的磁盘分区方式。MBR分区方案是一种常见的分区方案，能够在BIOS引导下启动操作系统。MBR分区方案将磁盘的前512个字节（即MBR）用于存储分区表和引导程序。其中分区表记录了磁盘分区的信息，包括分区类型、分区起始位置、分区大小等。MBR分区方案最多支持4个主分区或3个主分区和1个扩展分区，扩展分区可以划分为多个逻辑分区。MBR分区方案已经存在了很长时间，但是它有一个缺点，即它只支持最大2TB的磁盘容量。如果需要使用更大的磁盘，就需要使用GPT（GUID Partition Table）分区方案。环境系统：Rocky Linux release 8.5工具：fdisk from util-linux 2.32.1硬盘：虚拟机添加了一块20G的硬盘实践主分区[root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 通过lsblk来查看一下新增的硬盘位置(/dev/sdb) NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb // 使用fdisk工具对/dev/sdb这块硬盘进行分区 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x178d8de5. Command (m for help): n // 输入n进行新建分区操作 Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p // p是创建主分区，e是创建逻辑分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 // 选择分区号,默认为1,这里可以改其他的(MBR分区最多有4个分区) First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): // 起始扇区选择默认即可 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G //设置分区大小我这里设置5G Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB. //提示创建成功 Command (m for help): p // p查看分区表 Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x178d8de5 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 10485760 5G 83 Linux // 创建好的分区 Command (m for help): w // 保存之前的分区操作 The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@host ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 // 格式化创建好的分区 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@host ~]# mkdir /sdb1 // 创建挂载位置 [root@host ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /sdb1 // 将格式化好的分区进行挂载 [root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区情况 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk └─/dev/sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part /sdb1 // 已经挂载好可以使用了 /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom逻辑分区[root@host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb // 对/dev/sdb进行分区 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n // 创建分区 Partition type p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): e // 创建逻辑分区 Partition number (2-4, default 2): // 分区号 First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808): // 设置起始扇区选择默认即可 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): // 设置大小，逻辑分区的默认大小是剩余全部存储空间,这里我选择默认。 Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 15 GiB. Command (m for help): p // 查看分区表 Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x178d8de5 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 10485760 5G 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 10487808 41943039 31455232 15G 5 Extended // 创建好了一个逻辑分区大小为15G Command (m for help): w // 保存分区操作 The partition table has been altered. Syncing disks. [root@host ~]# lsblk -p NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part /sdb1 └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 15G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom逻辑子分区创建好逻辑分区之后就可以在逻辑分区里面创建无数个子分区，这样就逃离了MBR分区方式的分区限制。[root@host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb // 对/dev/sdb进行分区 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n // 新建分区 All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 5 // 当创建好逻辑分区之后就会发现分区号会从5开始增加 First sector (10489856-41943039, default 10489856): // 磁盘起始位置，默认即可 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10489856-41943039, default 41943039): +1G //设置大小 Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB. Command (m for help): n // 继续创建 All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 6 First sector (12589056-41943039, default 12589056): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (12589056-41943039, default 41943039): +1G Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB. Command (m for help): n // 继续创建 All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 7 First sector (14688256-41943039, default 14688256): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (14688256-41943039, default 41943039): +1G Created a new partition 7 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB. Command (m for help): w // 保存 The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区表 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part /sdb1 ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom这里会发现sdb磁盘一共创建了7个分区。删除分区以sdb1为例，sdb1这个分区已经挂载到了/sdb1目录已经在使用了，在删除分区前需要取消挂载。具体操作方法如下[root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区状态 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part /sdb1 // 发现/dev/sdb1已经挂载到/sdb1目录下 ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@host ~]# umount /sdb1 // 取消挂载 [root@host ~]# lsblk -p NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part // 已经取消挂载了 ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): d // d(delete)删除分区 Partition number (1,2,5-7, default 7): 1 // 删除分区号，这里选择1 Partition 1 has been deleted. Command (m for help): w // 保存位置 The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看磁盘状态 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk // 发现sdb1已经消失 ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom使用分区格式化分区创建好分区之后需要格式化之后才可以挂载使用，格式化需要使用mkfs工具，这里不多讲。关于格式化的格式可以使用mkfs.来查看[root@host ~]# mkfs. mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs这里使用xfs来格式化创建的分区(逻辑分区只能格式化子分区不能直接格式化逻辑分区)。[root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区状态 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom [root@host ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb5 // 使用xfs类型格式化sdb5 meta-data=/dev/sdb5 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@host ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb6 // 使用xfs类型格式化sdb6 meta-data=/dev/sdb6 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@host ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb7 // 使用xfs类型格式化sdb7 meta-data=/dev/sdb7 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0 = reflink=1 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区状态 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom挂载分区当格式化分区之后可以通过mount来进行挂载，挂载好的分区就可以使用了。[root@host ~]# mkdir -p /disk/sdb{5..7} // 创建挂载目录 [root@host ~]# mount /dev/sdb5 /disk/sdb5 // 挂载sdb5 [root@host ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /disk/sdb6 // 挂载sdb6 [root@host ~]# mount /dev/sdb7 /disk/sdb7 // 挂载sdb7 [root@host ~]# lsblk -p // 查看分区状态 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─/dev/mapper/rl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─/dev/mapper/rl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] /dev/sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb2 8:18 0 1K 0 part ├─/dev/sdb5 8:21 0 1G 0 part /disk/sdb5 ├─/dev/sdb6 8:22 0 1G 0 part /disk/sdb6 └─/dev/sdb7 8:23 0 1G 0 part /disk/sdb7 /dev/sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom